CPCT Class -02 #Basic of Computers

 

VIDEO File Extension Full Forms List

 

Keyword              Full Forms

1.      .3G2       3GPP2 Multimedia File

2.      .3GP       3GPP Multimedia File

3.      .ASF       Advanced Systems Format File

4.      .AVI        Audio Video Interleave File

5.      .FLV       Flash Video File

6.      .M4V     iTunes Video File

7.      .MOV     Apple QuickTime Movie

8.      .MP4      MPEG-4 Video File

9.      .MPG     MPEG Video File

10.   .RM        RealMedia File

11.   .SRT       SubRip Subtitle File

12.   .SWF      Shockwave Flash Movie

13.   .VOB      DVD Video Object File

14.   .WMV    Windows Media Video File

RASTER IMAGE File Extension Full Forms List

Keyword              Full Forms

1.      .BMP     Bitmap Image File

2.      .DDS      DirectDraw Surface

3.      .GIF        Graphical Interchange Format File

4.      .HEIC     High-Efficiency Image Format

5.      .JPG       Joint Photographic Experts Group

6.      .PNG      Portable Network Graphic

7.      .PSD       Adobe Photoshop Document

8.      .PSIMAGE            PaintShop Pro Image

9.      .TGA      Targa Graphic

10.   .THM     Thumbnail Image File

11.   .TIF        Tagged Image File

12.   .TIFF      Tagged Image File Format

13.   .YUV      YUV Encoded Image File

3D Image File Full Forms Extension

 

3D IMAGE File Extension Full Forms List

Keyword              Full Forms

1.      .3DM     Rhino 3D Model

2.      .3DS       3D Studio Scene

3.      .MAX     3ds Max Scene File

4.      .OBJ       Wavefront 3D Object File

File Extension Full Forms

 Keyword          Full Forms

1.        .mp3    MPEG Audio Layer 3

2.        .txt       Text/Plain

3.        .docx    Document (without Macros)

4.        .docm   Document (with Macros)

5.        .ppt      PowerPoint Presentation

6.        .csv      Comma Separated Values

7.        .pdf      Portable Document Format

8.        .gif       Graphics Interchange Format

9.        .xd       Adobe XD Document

10.   .mpeg   Moving Picture Experts Group

11.   .wmv    Windows Media Video

12.   .flv       Flash Video

13.   .avi      Audio Video Interleave

14.   .mp4    MPEG Layer 4

15.   .psd      Photoshop Document

16.   .ai        Illustrator Document

17.   .cdr      Corel Draw Document

18.   .sketch Sketch Document

19.   .asf       Advanced Systems Format

20.   .rar      It is a archive file format that supports data compression

21.   .divX    Digital Video Express (DivX-encoded Movie)

22.   .aiff      Audio Interchange File Format

23.   .bmp    Windows Bitmap

24.   .m3u    Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer 3 Uniform Resource Locator This file format is like an extension for Mp3 as it is used in it.

25.   .wav     Waveform PCM Audio

26.   .wma    Windows Media Audio

27.   .bwf     Broadcast Wave Format

28.   .dat      Digital Audio Tape

29.   .vue      Vue.js (Document)

30.   .py       Python Document (File)

31.   .ts        TypeScript (Document)

32.   .js        Javascript (Document)

33.   .sub      Subtitle File

34.   .me      Readme Text File

35.   .fdr      Final Draft Document

36.   .bat      Microsoft’s Batch Processing

SYSTEM File Extension Full Forms List

 

             Keyword          Full Forms

1.        .CAB               Windows Cabinet File

2.        .CPL                Windows Control Panel Item

3.        .CUR               Windows Cursor

4.        .DESKTHEMEPACK             Windows 8 Desktop Theme Pack File

5.        .DLL                Dynamic Link Library

6.        .DMP               Windows Memory Dump

7.        .DRV               Device Driver

8.        .ICNS              macOS Icon Resource File

9.        .ICO                Icon File

10.   .LNK               Windows File Shortcut

11.   .SYS                Windows System File

EXECUTABLE File Extension Full Forms List

Keyword          Full Forms

1.        .APK                      Android Package File

2.        .APP                      macOS Application

3.        .BAT                      DOS Batch File

4.        .CGI                       Common Gateway Interface Script

5.        .COM                     DOS Command File

6.        .EXE                      Windows Executable File

7.        .GADGET              Windows Gadget

8.        .JAR                       Java Archive File

9.        .WSF                     Windows Script File

MS Word Advance Shortcut List

Basic Text Formats

Alt+Shift+F or Ctrl+D      Open the Font dialog box (or Font Dialog box if you prefer to memorize D)

Ctrl+Space          Clear most formatting from selection (bold, underline, italic, color, etc)

Ctrl+Shift+N       Apply Normal style

Ctrl+Shift+8        Toggle display of hidden formatting symbols

3.2 Font Format Shortcuts

Ctrl+B    Apply/remove Bold

Ctrl+I     Apply/remove Italic

Ctrl+U   Apply/remove Underline

Ctrl+Shift+D       Apply/remove Double-underline

Ctrl+Shift+W      Apply/remove Words underline (only words, no spaces)

3.3 Letter Case and Sub/ Superscript

Shift+F3               Change text between all upper-, first letter upper- and all lower-case

Ctrl+Shift+A       Apply/remove Capitalization format

Ctrl+Shift+K        Apply/remove Small Caps format

Ctrl+=    Apply/remove subscript

Ctrl+Shift+=        Apply/remove superscript

3.4 Font Size and Color Shortcuts

Ctrl+[/] Decrease / Increase font size one point

Ctrl+Shift+</>   Decrease / Increase font size one value as defined in font style

Shift+F1               Reveal Formatting (show all formats of selection)

Ctrl+Alt+H           Apply/remove text Highlight to selection

3.5 Hide and Show Text

Ctrl+Shift+H       Hide selected text; e.g. for sharing and letting others focus on specific sections in a document only. Not a security feature.

Ctrl+A, then Ctrl+D, then 2x Alt+H            Show all hidden text via Select All, Font Dialog, remove Hidden text format

3.6 Font Format Shortcuts via Ribbon

H, FF      Change Font Face, then start typing for autocomplete, or Alt+Arrow Down to open drop down

H, FS      Change Font Size, type number and hit Enter

H, FC      Change Font Color. Press Escape, then Enter to apply current color

Alt+H+4                Apply strikethrough formatting

 

4. Word Shortcuts to Align Text, Headings, and Paragraph Spacing

 

4.1 Align and Indent Text Shortcuts

Ctrl+R    Right-align selected text

Ctrl+L    Left-align selected text

Ctrl+J     Justify-align selected text (straight edges on both sides)

Ctrl+E    Center-align selected text

Ctrl+M  Indent Text (Move text to the right)

Ctrl+Shift+M      Outdent Text

Ctrl+T    Create/ increase hanging indent

Ctrl+Shift+T        Remove/ decrease hanging indent

4.2 Line and Paragraph Spacing

Ctrl+0    Toggle spacing before paragraph

Ctrl+1    Single line spacing

Ctrl+2    Double line spacing

Ctrl+5    Apply line spacing of 1.5

4.3 Heading Shortcuts

Alt+Ctrl+1            Apply Heading 1 style

Alt+Ctrl+2            Apply Heading 2 style

Alt+Ctrl+3            Apply Heading 3 style

Alt+Shift+Arrow Right/Arrow Left            Promote / demote Headings

Ctrl+Shift+S        Open Apply Styles task pane (will not close with pressing it a second time)

 

5. Undo, Redo, Cut, Copy and Paste Word Shortcuts

 

5.1 Undo, Redo, and Repeat

Ctrl+Z    Undo previous action (up to 100 by default; limit can be changed)

Ctrl+Y    Redo undone action

F4           Repeat action

5.2 Standard Cut, Copy, and Paste

Ctrl+C    Copy selected content to clipboard

Ctrl+X    Cut selected content to clipboard

Ctrl+V   Paste clipboard content into document

Alt+H, VT             Paste text only via Home Ribbon, Paste (V), Text only

Ctrl+Shift+C        Copy format of selection into Format Clipboard

Ctrl+Shift+V       Paste format to selection from Format Clipboard

5.3 Extended Clipboard (Spike additive clipboard)

Ctrl+F3  Cut text into to Spike (additive clipboard). Add as many non-adjacent areas as desired

Ctrl+Shift+F3      Paste text from Spike and reset Spike

5.4 Move Selections

Shift+Alt+Arrow Up/Arrow Down            Move current paragraph or (if selected) multiple paragraphs in text. Cannot move part of paragraph with this

Ctrl+Drag             Move selected text

F2, move cursor to new location, then enter       Moves selected text to new location

Shift+F2, move cursor to new location, then enter           Copies selected text to new location

 

6. Word Shortcuts for Special Characters

 

Alt+Ctrl+C           Insert Copyright symbol

Alt+Ctrl+T            Insert Ttrademark symbol

Alt+Ctrl+R           Insert Registered Trademark symbol

Alt+Ctrl+E            Insert Euro Currency symbol

Alt+Ctrl+.             Insert horizontal ellipsis (…)

Alt, then n,u       Insert Symbol (insert menu)

Ctrl+Shift+Space              Insert nonbreaking space

Ctrl+Shift+- (Hyphen)    Insert nonbreaking hyphen

Ctrl+-     Insert optional hyphen

Type character code and press Alt+X      Insert Unicode character, e.g. 20ac

Alt+character code on numeric keyboard             Insert ANSI character

Ctrl+K    Insert a hyperlink

 

7. Word Shortcuts for Find and Replace

 

Ctrl+H   Open classic find and replace window

Ctrl+H, then Alt+D           Open classic find window

Alt+F     Find next

Shift+F4               Repeat last find after closing find window

Ctrl+Tab               Jump between find menu and document

Alt+Space, Arrow keys and Enter              Move find menu window

Esc          Close traditional search window if active

Ctrl+F    Open (new) search menu in navigation task pane

Alt,W,K Open and close Navigation pane (View, Navigation)

 

8. Word Shortcuts to Open, Close, Manage, and Print Documents

 

8.1 Manage Documents

Ctrl+N   Create new document

Ctrl+O   Open document

Ctrl+W  Close document (Close Window)

Ctrl+S    Save document

F12         Save document as

Alt, then F, R      Open Recent (File, Recent)

8.2 Print Shortcuts

Ctrl+P    Go to Print document/ print preview

Ctrl+P, then Enter            Print document

Ctrl+mouse wheel           Zoom in/ zoom out in preview

Page Up/Page Down      Up a page/ down a page in preview

Ctrl+Home/Ctrl+End       Jump to beginning/ end of document in preview

Esc          Exit print preview and return to document

 

9. Word Shortcuts to Manage Views, Split Screen and Multiple Documents

 

Alt+Ctrl+S            Toggle Split of document window

Ctrl+scroll mouse up/down         Zoom in/ out

Alt then w, q      Open Zoom Menu (no native shortcut exists for zoom in/ zoom out)

Alt+Ctrl+O           Switch to Outline view

Alt+Ctrl+P           Switch to Print Layout view

Alt+Ctrl+N           Switch to Draft view (used to be normal view)

Ctrl+F6  Switch forward to next open Word documents (easier than Alt+Tab as only word documents are iterated)

Ctrl+Shift+F6      Switch backwards to previous open Word documents (easier than Alt+Tab as only word documents are iterated)

 

10. Word Shortcuts for Date, Time, and other Fields

 

10.1 Insert Common Fields

Alt+Shift+D         Insert current Date field

Alt+Shift+T         Insert current Tate field

Alt+Shift+P         Insert Page number field

Alt+Shift+O        Insert Table of Content field

Alt+Shift+X         Insert Index field

Alt+Shift+L          Insert LISTNUM field

10.2 Manage Fields

Alt+F9   Toggle show/ hide fields

F9           Update all fields

F11/Shift+F11    Go to next/ go to previous field

Ctrl+F11               Lock field

Ctrl+Shift+F11   Unlock field

 

11. Word Shortcuts for Outline View

 

Ctrl+Shift+O       Switch to Outline View

Tab/Shift+Tab   Promote / Demote a paragraph (or Alt+Shift+Arrow Left/Arrow Right)

Alt+Shift+Arrow Up/Arrow Down            Move selected paragraphs up / down

Ctrl+Shift+N       Demote to body text (set style to normal)

Alt+Shift+plus /-               Expand / Collapse text under a heading

Alt+Shift+A         Expand or collapse all text or headings

/ key on the numeric keypad      Hide or display character formatting

Alt+Shift+L          Show the first line of body text or all body text

Alt+Shift+1         Show all headings with the Heading 1 style

Alt+Shift+N        Show all headings up to Heading n

Ctrl+Tab               Insert a tab character

 

12. Word Shortcuts for Tables

 

Arrow Down/Arrow Up Jump one row down / one row up

Tab/Shift+Tab   Jump to (and select) next / previous table cell

Alt+Home/Alt+End         Jump to first column/ jump to last column

Alt+Page Up/Alt+Page Down     Jump to first row / jump to last row

Ctrl+Arrow Left/Ctrl+Arrow Right             One cell to the left / to the right

Shift+End            Select current table cell

end, then shift+Home   Select content of current table cell

Press and hold shift and press arrow keys repeatedly     Extend selection to adjacent cells

Ctrl+Shift+f8, then press              Extend selection or block

Alt+5 on numeric keypad (with numLock off)      Select an entire table

Alt+Shift+Arrow Up/Alt+Shift+Arrow Down        Move current row up or down

In first column, press shift+End Select row*

In first row press Alt+Shift+Page Down  Select column

Shift+Delete      Delete columns with columns selected

COMPUTER NETWORK

 

There are various types of protocols that support a major and compassionate role in communicating with different devices across the network. These are:

1. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
2. Internet Protocol (IP)
3. User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
4. Post office Protocol (POP)
5. Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP)
6. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
7. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
8. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
9. Telnet
10. Gopher

Let's discuss each of them briefly:

1. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): TCP is a popular communication protocol which is used for communicating over a network. It divides any message into series of packets that are sent from source to destination and there it gets reassembled at the destination.
2. Internet Protocol (IP): IP is designed explicitly as addressing protocol. It is mostly used with TCP. The IP addresses in packets help in routing them through different nodes in a network until it reaches the destination system. TCP/IP is the most popular protocol connecting the networks.
3. User Datagram Protocol (UDP): UDP is a substitute communication protocol to Transmission Control Protocol implemented primarily for creating loss-tolerating and low-latency linking between different applications.
4. Post office Protocol (POP): POP3 is designed for receiving incoming E-mails.
5. Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP): SMTP is designed to send and distribute outgoing E-Mail.
6. File Transfer Protocol (FTP): FTP allows users to transfer files from one machine to another. Types of files may include program files, multimedia files, text files, and documents, etc.
7. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP): HTTP is designed for transferring a hypertext among two or more systems. HTML tags are used for creating links. These links may be in any form like text or images. HTTP is designed on Client-server principles which allow a client system for establishing a connection with the server machine for making a request. The server acknowledges the request initiated by the client and responds accordingly.
8. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS): HTTPS is abbreviated as Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure is a standard protocol to secure the communication among two computers one using the browser and other fetching data from web server. HTTP is used for transferring data between the client browser (request) and the web server (response) in the hypertext format, same in case of HTTPS except that the transferring of data is done in an encrypted format. So it can be said that https thwart hackers from interpretation or modification of data throughout the transfer of packets.
9. Telnet: Telnet is a set of rules designed for connecting one system with another. The connecting process here is termed as remote login. The system which requests for connection is the local computer, and the system which accepts the connection is the remote computer.
10. Gopher: Gopher is a collection of rules implemented for searching, retrieving as well as displaying documents from isolated sites. Gopher also works on the client/server principle.

Some Other Protocols

Some other popular protocols act as co-functioning protocols associated with these primary protocols for core functioning. These are:

• ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
• DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
• IMAP4 (Internet Message Access Protocol)
• SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)
• RTP (Real-Time Transport Protocol)
• RLP (Resource Location Protocol)
• RAP (Route Access Protocol)
• L2TP (Layer Two Tunnelling Protocol)
• PPTP (Point To Point Tunnelling Protocol)
• SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
• TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)