interview Questions Answeras for C# developers

Questions for C#  developers Useful for preparation, but too specific to be used in the interview. Is it possible to inline assembly or IL in C# code? - No. Is it possible to have different access modifiers on the get/set methods of a property? - No. The access modifier on a property applies to both its get and set accessors. What you need to do if you want them to be different is make the property read-only (by only providing a get accessor) and create a private/internal set method that is separate from the property. Is it possible to have a static indexer in C#? - No. Static indexers are not allowed in C#. If I return out of a try/finally in C#, does the code in the finally-clause run? – Yes. The code in the finally always runs. If you return out of the try block, or even if you do a “goto” out of the try, the finally block always runs: using System; class main { public static void Main() { try { Console.WriteLine("In Try block"); return; } finally { Console.WriteLine("In Finally block"); } } } Both “In Try block” and “In Finally block” will be displayed. Whether the return is in the try block or after the try-finally block, performance is not affected either way. The compiler treats it as if the return were outside the try block anyway. If it’s a return without an expression (as it is above), the IL emitted is identical whetherthe return is inside or outside of the try. If the return has an expression, there’s an extra store/load of the value of the expression (since it has to be computed within the try block). I was trying to use an “out int” parameter in one of my functions. How should I declare the variable that I am passing to it? - You should declare the variable as an int, but when you pass it in you must specify it as ‘out’, like the following: int i; foo(out i); where foo is declared as follows: [return-type] foo(out int o) { } How does one compare strings in C#? - In the past, you had to call .ToString() on the strings when using the == or != operators to compare the strings’ values. That will still work, but the C# compiler now automatically compares the values instead of the references when the == or != operators are used on string types. If you actually do want to compare references, it can be done as follows: if ((object) str1 == (object) str2) { … } Here’s an example showing how string compares work: Note that in an IDE-created project, by convention, these attributes are placed in AssemblyInfo.cs. How do you mark a method obsolete? - [Obsolete] public int Foo() {...} or [Obsolete("This is a message describing why this method is obsolete")] public int Foo() {...} Note: The O in Obsolete is always capitalized. How do you implement thread synchronization (Object.Wait, Notify,and CriticalSection) in C#? - You want the lock statement, which is the same as Monitor Enter/Exit: <![if !supportLists]>30.<![endif]>lock(obj) { // code } translates to try { CriticalSection.Enter(obj); // code } finally { CriticalSection.Exit(obj); } <![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]> <![endif]> How do you directly call a native function exported from a DLL? - Here’s a quick example of the DllImport attribute in action: <![if !supportLists]>32.<![endif]>using System.Runtime.InteropServices; <![if !supportLists]>33.<![endif]>class C <![if !supportLists]>34.<![endif]>{ <![if !supportLists]>35.<![endif]> [DllImport("user32.dll")] <![if !supportLists]>36.<![endif]> public static extern int MessageBoxA(int h, string m, string c, int type); <![if !supportLists]>37.<![endif]> public static int Main() <![if !supportLists]>38.<![endif]> { <![if !supportLists]>39.<![endif]> return MessageBoxA(0, "Hello World!", "Caption", 0); <![if !supportLists]>40.<![endif]> } <![if !supportLists]>41.<![endif]>} This example shows the minimum requirements for declaring a C# method that is implemented in a native DLL. The method C.MessageBoxA() is declared with the static and external modifiers, and has the DllImport attribute, which tells the compiler that the implementation comes from the user32.dll, using the default name of MessageBoxA. For more information, look at the Platform Invoke tutorial in the documentation. How do I simulate optional parameters to COM calls? - You must use the Missing class and pass Missing.Value (in System.Reflection) for any values that have optional parameters.

<![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]> <![endif]>

---

C# .NET interview questions Good for preparation and general self-testing, but too specific for the actual job interview. This was sent in by a job applicant getting ready to step into the .NET field in India. Are private class-level variables inherited? - Yes, but they are not accessible, so looking at it you can honestly say that they are not inherited. But they are. Why does DllImport not work for me? –  All methods marked with the DllImport attribute must be marked as public static extern. Why does my Windows application pop up a console window every time I run it? - Make sure that the target type set in the project properties setting is set to Windows Application, and not Console Application. If you’re using the command line, compile with /target:winexe, not /target:exe. Why do I get an error (CS1006) when trying to declare a method without specifying a return type?  - If you leave off the return type on a method declaration, the compiler thinks you are trying to declare a constructor. So if you are trying to declare a method that returns nothing, use void. The following is an example: // This results in a CS1006 error public static staticMethod (mainStatic obj) // This will work as wanted public static void staticMethod (mainStatic obj) Why do I get a syntax error when trying to declare a variable called checked?  - The word checked is a keyword in C#. Why do I get a security exception when I try to run my C# app? - Some security exceptions are thrown if you are working on a network share. There are some parts of the frameworks that will not run if being run off a share (roaming profile, mapped drives, etc.). To see if this is what’s happening, just move the executable over to your local drive and see if it runs without the exceptions. Oneof the common exceptions thrown under these conditions is System .Security.SecurityException. To get around this, you can change your security policy for the intranet zone, code group 1.2, (the zone that running off shared folders falls into) by using the caspol.exe tool. Why do I get a CS5001:  does not have an entry point defined error when compiling? - The most common problem is that you used a lowercase ‘m’ when defining the Main method. The correct way to implement the entry point is as follows: class test { static void Main(string[] args) {} } What optimizations does the  C# compiler perform when you use the /optimize+ compiler option?  - The following is a response from a developer on the C# compiler team: We get rid of unused locals (i.e., locals that are never read, even if assigned). We get rid of unreachable code. We get rid of try-catch with an empty try. We get rid of try-finally with an empty try. We get rid of try-finally with an empty finally. We optimize branches over branches: gotoif A, lab1 goto lab2: lab1: turns into: gotoif !A, lab2 lab1: We optimize branches to ret, branches to next instruction, and branches to branches. What is the syntax for calling an overloaded constructor within a constructor (this() and constructorname() does not compile)? - The syntax for calling another constructor is as follows: class B { B(int i) { } } class C : B { C() : base(5) // call base constructor B(5) { } C(int i) : this() // call C() { } publicstatic void Main() {} } What is the equivalent to regsvr32 and regsvr32 /u a file in .NET development? - Try using RegAsm.exe. Search MSDN on Assembly Registration Tool. What is the difference between a struct and a class in C#? - From language spec: The list of similarities  between classes and structs is as follows. Longstructs can implement interfaces and can have the same kinds of members as classes. Structs differ from classes in several important ways; however, structs are value types rather than reference types, and inheritance is not upported for structs. Struct values are stored on the stack or in-line. Careful programmers can sometimes enhance performance through judicious use of structs. For example, the use of a struct rather than a class for a Point can make a large difference in the number of memory allocations performed at runtime. The program below creates and initializes an array of 100 points. With Point implemented as a class, 101 separate objects are instantiated-one for the array and one each for the 100 elements. My switch statement works differently than in C++! Why? - C# does not support an explicit fall through for case blocks. The following code is not legal and will not compile in C#: <![if !supportLists]>13.<![endif]>switch(x) <![if !supportLists]>14.<![endif]>{ <![if !supportLists]>15.<![endif]> case 0: // do something <![if !supportLists]>16.<![endif]> case 1: // do something as continuation of case 0 <![if !supportLists]>17.<![endif]> default: // do something in common with <![if !supportLists]>18.<![endif]> //0, 1 and everything else <![if !supportLists]>19.<![endif]> break; <![if !supportLists]>20.<![endif]>} To achieve the same effect in C#, the code must be modified as shown below (notice how the control flows are explicit): class Test { public static void Main() { int x = 3; switch(x) { case 0: // do something goto case 1; case 1: // do something in common with 0 goto default; default: // do something in common with 0, 1, and anything else break; } } } Is there regular expression (regex) support available to C# developers?  - Yes. The .NET class libraries provide support for regular expressions. Look at the System.Text.RegularExpressions namespace. Is there any sample C# code or simple threading? - Yes: <![if !supportLists]>23.<![endif]>using System; <![if !supportLists]>24.<![endif]>using System.Threading; <![if !supportLists]>25.<![endif]>class ThreadTest <![if !supportLists]>26.<![endif]>{ <![if !supportLists]>27.<![endif]> public void runme() <![if !supportLists]>28.<![endif]> { <![if !supportLists]>29.<![endif]> Console.WriteLine("Runme Called"); <![if !supportLists]>30.<![endif]> } <![if !supportLists]>31.<![endif]> public static void Main(String[] args) <![if !supportLists]>32.<![endif]> { <![if !supportLists]>33.<![endif]> ThreadTest b = new ThreadTest(); <![if !supportLists]>34.<![endif]> Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(b.runme)); <![if !supportLists]>35.<![endif]> t.Start(); <![if !supportLists]>36.<![endif]> } } Is there an equivalent of exit() for quitting a C# .NET application? - Yes, you can use System.Environment.Exit(int exitCode) to exit the application or Application.Exit() if it’s a Windows Forms app. Is there a way to force garbage collection? - Yes. Set all references to null and then call System.GC.Collect(). If you need to have some objects destructed, and System.GC.Collect() doesn’t seem to be doing it for you, you can force finalizers to be run by setting all the references to the object to null and then calling System.GC.RunFinalizers(). Is there a way of specifying which block or loop to break out of when working with nested loops? - The easiest way is to use goto: <![if !supportLists]>40.<![endif]>using System; <![if !supportLists]>41.<![endif]>class BreakExample <![if !supportLists]>42.<![endif]>{ <![if !supportLists]>43.<![endif]> public static void Main(String[] args) { <![if !supportLists]>44.<![endif]> for(int i=0; i<3; i++) <![if !supportLists]>45.<![endif]> { <![if !supportLists]>46.<![endif]> Console.WriteLine("Pass {0}: ", i); <![if !supportLists]>47.<![endif]> for( int j=0 ; j<100 ; j++ ) <![if !supportLists]>48.<![endif]> { <![if !supportLists]>49.<![endif]> if ( j == 10) <![if !supportLists]>50.<![endif]> goto done; <![if !supportLists]>51.<![endif]> Console.WriteLine("{0} ", j); <![if !supportLists]>52.<![endif]> } <![if !supportLists]>53.<![endif]> Console.WriteLine("This will not print"); <![if !supportLists]>54.<![endif]> } <![if !supportLists]>55.<![endif]> done: <![if !supportLists]>56.<![endif]> Console.WriteLine("Loops complete."); <![if !supportLists]>57.<![endif]> } <![if !supportLists]>58.<![endif]>} <![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]> <![endif]> Is it possible to restrict the scope of a field/method of a class to the classes in the same namespace?  - There is no way to restrict to a namespace. Namespaces are never units of protection. But if you’re using assemblies, you can use the ‘internal’ access modifier to restrict access to only within the assembly.