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DOT NET Interview Preparation Part-2

DOT NET Interview Prepration Part-2

41. How do I initialize a TextBox whose TextMode is "password", with a  password?

The TextBox’s Text property cannot be used to assign a value to a password field. Instead, its Value field can be used for that purpose.

Value="imbatman" TextMode="Password"


ID="Password" RunAt="server"
/>

42. Why does the control's PostedFile property always show null when usingHtmlInputFile 
control to upload files to a Web server? 


Thisoccurs when an enctype="multipart/form-data" attribute is missing in the

tag.

43. How can the focus be set to a specific control when a Web form loads?

This can be achieved by using client-side script: document.forms[0].TextBox1.focus ()

The above code will set the focus to a TextBox named TextBox1 when the page loads.

44. How does System.Web.UI.Page's IsPostBack property work?

IsPostBack checks to see whether the HTTP request is accompanied by postback data containing a __VIEWSTATE or __EVENTTARGET parameter. If there are none, then it is not a postback.

45. What is WSDL? 


WSDL is an XML format for describing network services as a set of endpoints operating on
messages containing either document-oriented or procedure-oriented information.
The operations and messages are described abstractly, and then bound to a concrete network protocol and message format to define an endpoint. Related concrete endpoints are combined into abstract endpoints (services). (Source: www.w3.org)

46. What is UDDI? 


UDDI stands for Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration. It is like an "Yellow Pages" for Web Services. It is  maintained by Microsoft, IBM, and Ariba, and is designed to provide detailed information regarding registered Web Services for all vendors. The UDDI can be queried for specific Web Services.

47. Is it possible to generate the source code for an  ASP.NET Web service from a WSDL? 


The Wsdl.exe tool (.NET Framework SDK) can be used to generate source code for an ASP.NET
web service with its WSDL link.
Example: wsdl /server
http://api.google.com/GoogleSearch.wsdl.

48. Why do uploads fail while using an ASP.NET file upload control to upload large files?

ASP.NET limits the size of file uploads for security purposes. The default size is 4 MB. This can be changed by modifying the maxRequestLength attribute of Machine.config's element.

49. Describe the difference between inline and code behind.

Inline code is written along side the HTML in a page. Code-behind is code written in a separate file and referenced by the .aspx page.

51. Describe the role of inetinfo.exe, aspnet_isapi.dll andaspnet_wp.exe in the page loading process.

inetinfo.exe is theMicrosoft IIS server running, handling ASP.NET requests among otherthings.When an ASP.NET request is received (usually a file with .aspx extension), the ISAPI filter aspnet_isapi.dll takes care of it by passing the request tothe actual worker process aspnet_wp.exe.

52. Can you explain the difference between an ADO.NET  Dataset and an ADO Recordset?

Valid answers are:A DataSet can represent an entire relational database in memory, complete with tables, relations,
· and views.
· A DataSet is designed to work without any continuing connection to the original data source.
· Data in a DataSet isbulk-loaded, rather than being loaded on demand.
· There's no concept of cursor types in a DataSet.
· DataSets have no current record pointer You can use For Each loops to move through the data.
· You can store many edits in a DataSet, and write them to the original data source in a single operation.
· Though the DataSet is universal, other objects in ADO.NET come in different versions for
different data sources. 
52. What’s a bubbled event?

When you have a complex control, like DataGrid, writing an  event processing routine for each object (cell, button, row, etc.) is quite tedious. The controls can bubble up theireventhandlers,
allowing the main DataGrid event handler to take care of its constituents.

54. What data types do the RangeValidator control support?

Integer, String, and Date.

55. Explain what a diffgram is, and a good use for one?

The DiffGram is one of the two XML formats that you can use to render DataSet object contents to XML. A good use is reading database data to an XML file to be sent to a Web Service.

56. What is the transport protocol you use to call a Web service?

SOAP
(Simple Object Access Protocol) is the preferred protocol.

57. What is ViewState?
ViewState allows the state of objects (serializable) to be stored in a hidden field on the page. ViewState is transported to the client and back to the server, and is not stored on the
server or any other external source. ViewState is used the retain the state of server-side objects between postabacks.

58. What does the "EnableViewState" property do? Why would I want it on or off?

It allows the page to save the users input on a form across postbacks. It saves the server-side values for a given control into ViewState,which is stored as a hidden value on the page before sending the page to the clients browser. When the page is posted back to the server the server control is recreated with the state stored in viewstate.

59. What are the different types of Session state management options available with ASP.NET?

ASP.NET provides In-Process and Out-of-Process state management. In-Process stores the
session in memory on the web server. This requires the a "sticky-server" (or no load-balancing) so that the user is always reconnected to the same web server. Out-of-Process Session state management stores data in an external data source. The external data source may be either
a SQL Server or a State Server service. Out-of-Process state management requires that all objects stored in session are serializable.

60. Differences Between XML and  HTML?

Anyone with a fundamental grasp of XML should be able describe some of the main
differences outlined in the table below



XML
HTML   

User
definable tags
Defined
set of tags designed for web display   

Content
driven
Format
driven   

End
tags required for well formed documents
End
tags not required   

Quotes
required around attributes values
Quotes
not required   

Slash
required in empty tags
Slash
not required  

61. Give a few examples of types of applications that can benefit from using XML. 


There are literally thousands of applications that can benefit from XML technologies. The  point of this question is not to have the candidate rattle off a laundry list of projects that they have worked on, but, rather, to allow the candidate to explain the rationale for choosing XML by citing a few real world examples. For instance, one appropriate answer is that XML allows content management systems to store documents independently of their format, which thereby reduces data redundancy. Another answer relates to B2B exchanges or supply chain management systems. In these instances, XML provides a mechanism for multiple companies to exchange data according to an agreed upon set of rules. A third common response involves wireless applications that require WML to render data on hand held devices.

62. What is DOM and how does it relate to XML?

The Document Object Model (DOM) is an interface specification maintained by the W3C DOM Workgroup that defines an application independent mechanism to access, parse, or update XML data. In simple terms it is a hierarchical model that allows developers to manipulate XML documents easily Any developer that has worked extensively with XML should be able to discuss the concept and use of DOM objects freely. Additionally, it is not unreasonable to expect advanced candidates to thoroughly understand its internal workings and be able to explain how DOM differs from an event-based interface like SAX.

63. What is SOAP and how does it relate to XML?

The Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) uses XML to define a protocol for the exchange of
information in distributed computing environments. SOAP consists of three components: an envelope, a set of encoding rules, and a convention for representing remote procedure calls. Unless experience with SOAP is a direct requirement for the open position, knowing the specifics of the protocol, or how it can be used in conjunction with HTTP, is not as important as identifying
it as a natural application of XML.

64. Can you walk us through the steps necessary to parse  XML documents?

Superficially,this is a fairly basic question. However, the point is not to determine whether
candidates understand the concept of a parser but rather have them walk through the process of parsing XML documents step-by-step. Determining whether a non-validating or validating parser is needed, choosing the appropriate parser, and handling errors are all important aspects to this process that should be included in the candidate's response.

65. What are possible implementations of distributed  applications in .NET?

.NET Remoting and ASP.NET Web Services. If we talk about the Framework Class Library, noteworthy  classes are in System.Runtime.Remoting and System.Web.Services.

66. What are the consideration in deciding to use .NET Remoting or ASP.NET Web
Services?

Remoting is a more efficient communication exchange when you can control both ends of the application involved in the communication process. Web Services provide an open-protocol-based exchange of informaion. 
Web Services are best when you need to communicate with an external organization or another (non-.NET) technology.

67. What’s a proxy of the server object in .NET Remoting? 


It’s a fake copy of the server object that resides on the client side and behaves as if it was the server. It handles the communication between real server object and the client object. This process is also known as marshaling.
68. What are remotable objects in .NET Remoting? 


Remotable objects are the objects that can be marshaled across the application domains. You can marshal by value, where a deep copy of the object is created and then passed to the receiver. You can also marshal by reference, where just a reference to an existing object is passed.

69. What are channels in .NET Remoting?
Channels represent the objects that transfer the other serialized objects from one application domain to another and from one computer to another, as well as one process to another on the same box. A channel must exist before an object can be transferred.

70. What security measures exist for .NET Remoting in System.Runtime.Remoting?

None. Security should be taken care of at the application level.
Cryptography and other security techniques can be applied at application or
server level.

71. What is a formatter? 


A  formatter is an object that is responsible for encoding and serializing data into messages on one end, and deserializing and decoding messages into data on the other end.

72. Choosing between HTTP and TCP for protocols and Binary and SOAP for formatters, what are the trade-offs?

Binary over TCP is the most effiecient, SOAP over HTTP is the most interoperable.

73. What’s SingleCall activation mode used for?

If the server object is instantiated for responding to just one single request, the request should be made in SingleCall mode.

74. What’s Singleton activation mode?

A single object is instantiated regardless of the number of clients accessing it. Lifetime of this object is determined by lifetime lease.

75. How do you define the lease of the object?

By implementing ILease interface when writing the class code.

76. Can you configure a .NET Remoting object via XML file?

Yes, via machine.config and application level .config file (or web.config in ASP.NET). Application-level XML settings take precedence over machine.config.

77. How can you automatically generate interface for the remotable object in .NET with Microsoft tools?

Use the Soapsuds tool.